By Shelby Carroll

In North Carolina, we have a favorable climate, and it is an excellent place for beekeeping. The state’s rich agricultural heritage and commitment to sustainable practices make honey production a thriving industry. For many beekeepers, the honey harvest is the culmination of months of careful tending and hard work. Here’s a guide to understanding the honey harvest in North Carolina, from preparation to extraction and beyond.

Understanding the beekeeping season

The beekeeping season in North Carolina typically starts in early spring and continues through late summer. Bees begin foraging as soon as the first flowers bloom, collecting nectar from a variety of plants such as clover, tulip poplar, sourwood and wildflowers. These nectar sources contribute to the unique flavors of North Carolina honey.

Preparing for the honey harvest

• Hive inspection: Regular inspections are crucial throughout the season. Check for signs of healthy brood patterns, queen activity and sufficient food stores.
• Equipment preparation: Gather and clean all necessary equipment for harvesting. This includes honey extractors, uncapping tools, strainers and storage containers.
• Timing: The best time to harvest honey in North Carolina is typically from late June to early August, depending on the region and weather conditions. Beekeepers should monitor the hives and wait until the honey is fully capped.

The harvesting process

• Smoke and open the hive: Use a smoker to calm the bees before opening the hive. The smoke masks alarm pheromones and reduces the likelihood of stings.
• Remove the frames: Carefully remove the frames filled with capped honey from the supers. Brush off any remaining bees gently or use a bee escape board to clear the bees from the supers before removing them.
• Uncapping the honey: Use an uncapping knife or fork to remove the wax cappings from the honeycomb. This step is crucial to allow the honey to flow out during extraction.
• Extraction: Place the uncapped frames into a honey extractor. A centrifugal extractor spins the frames, forcing the honey out of the comb. The honey collects at the bottom of the extractor and flows out through a spigot.
• Filtering and bottling: Filter the extracted honey through a fine mesh strainer to remove any wax particles or debris. Once filtered, pour the honey into clean, sterilized jars or containers for storage.

Harvesting honey in North Carolina is a rewarding experience that connects beekeepers with nature and the agricultural traditions of the state. By understanding the timing, techniques, and post-harvest practices, beekeepers can ensure a successful and sustainable honey harvest. Whether you are a hobbyist or a commercial beekeeper, the sweet rewards of honey production are well worth the effort.

Shelby Carroll is agriculture and natural resources agent with Rowan County Cooperative Extension.